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revision 1.9 by wakaba, Mon Sep 3 14:30:46 2007 UTC revision 1.17 by wakaba, Sun Feb 24 02:17:51 2008 UTC
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8  <body>  <body>
9  <h1>Description of Errors</h1>  <h1>Description of Errors</h1>
10    
11    <section id="html5-character-encoding">
12    <h2>HTML5 Character Encoding Errors</h2>
13    
14    <div class="section format-charset must" id="m:character-encoding"><h3>Character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
15      is not allowed for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</h3>
16        <p>The character encoding used for the document is not allowed
17        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
18      </div>
19    
20    <div class="section format-charset should" id="s:character-encoding"><h3>Character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
21      should not be used for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</h3>
22        <p>The character encoding used for the document is not recommended
23        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.  The document is non‐conforming
24        unless there is any good reason to use that encoding.</p>
25      </div>
26    
27    <div class="section format-charset warning" id="w:character-encoding"><h3>Use of UTF-8 is encouraged.</h3>
28        <p>Use of UTF-8 as the character encoding of the document is encouraged,
29        though the use of another character encoding is conforming.</p>
30      </div>
31    
32    <div class="section format-charset unsupported" id="unsupported:character-encoding"><h3>Conformance for character encoding requirements
33      cannot be checked.</h3>
34        <p>The conformance checker cannot detect whether the input document
35        met the requirements on character encoding, since the document
36        is not inputed as a serialized byte sequence.  The document is
37        not conforming if it is not encoded in an appropriate character
38        encoding with appropriate labeling.</p>
39      </div>
40    
41    <div class="section format-charset error" id="m:no-character-encoding-declaration"><h3>There is no character encoding
42      declaration.</h3>
43        <p>The document does not contain a character encoding
44        declaration.  Unless the character encoding is explicitly
45        specified in lower‐level protocol, e.g. in <abbr>HTTP</abbr>,
46        or is implied by <abbr>BOM</abbr>, there must be a character
47        encoding declaration.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
48    
49        <p>The long character encoding declaration syntax
50        <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code>
51        is obsolete.  The new syntax is:</p>
52        <pre class="html example">
53    <code>&lt;meta charset=&quot;<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code></pre>
54    
55        <p>Note that the <code>encoding</code> declaration in <abbr>XML</abbr>
56        declaration has no effect for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document.</p>
57      </div>
58    
59    <div class="section format-charset error" id="m:non-ascii-superset"><h3>No character encoding metadata is found
60      in lower‐level protocol nor is there <abbr>BOM</abbr>, while
61      character encoding <code><var>$0</var></code>
62      is not a superset of <abbr>ASCII</abbr>.</h3>
63        <p>The document is not labeled with character encoding name
64        in lower‐level protocol, e.g. in <abbr>HTTP</abbr>, and
65        the document is not begin with <abbr>BOM</abbr>.  In addition,
66        the character encoding of the document is not a superset of
67        <abbr>ASCII</abbr>.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
68    
69        <p>Unless there is a <abbr>BOM</abbr>, the character encoding
70        for the document must be specified in e.g. <abbr>HTTP</abbr>‐level,
71        as:</p>
72        <pre class="http example">
73    <code>Content-Type: text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var></code></pre>
74    
75        <p>Existence of <abbr>HTML</abbr> character encoding declaration, i.e.
76        <code class="html example">&lt;meta charset=&quot;<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code>,
77        does not allow to omit <code>charset</code> parameter
78        for <abbr>HTML</abbr> document encoded in non‐<abbr>ASCII</abbr>
79        compatible encoding.</p>
80    
81        <p>Character encodings <code>Shift_JIS</code>, <code>Windows-31J</code>,
82        and <code>ISO-2022-JP</code> are <em>not</em> a superset of
83        <abbr>ASCII</abbr> for the purpose of <abbr>HTML</abbr> conformance.</p>
84      </div>
85    
86    <div class="section format-charset warning" id="w:charset-label-detected"><h3>While parsing the document as
87      <code><var>$0</var></code>, a character encoding declaration specifying
88      character encoding as <code><var>$1</var></code> is found.  The document
89      is reparsed.</h3>
90        <p>While parsing a document in a character encoding,
91        a character encoding declaration which declares the character
92        encoding of the document as another character encoding is found.
93        The occurence of this warning itself does not make the document
94        non‐conforming.  However, the failure of the first attempt to
95        to detect the character encoding might be the result of non‐conformance
96        of the document.</p>
97    
98        <p>The document will be reparsed from the beginning.  Some error
99        or warning might be reported again.</p>
100    
101        <p>These are suggestions to avoid this warning:</p>
102        <ul>
103        <li>Specify <code>charset</code> parameter in the <code>Content-Type</code>
104        field in the <abbr>HTTP</abbr> header, as:
105        <pre class="HTTP example">
106    <code>Content-Type: text/html; charset=&quot;<var>charset-name</var>&quot;</code></pre></li>
107        <li>Put the character encoding declaration
108        (<code class="html example">&lt;meta charset=&quot;<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code>)
109        just after <code class="html example">&lt;head&gt;</code> start tag.</li>
110        <li>Use <code>UTF-8</code>.</li>
111        </ul>
112      </div>
113    </section>
114    
115  <section id="html5-tokenize-error">  <section id="html5-tokenize-error">
116  <h2>HTML5 Parse Errors in Tokenization Stage</h2>  <h2>HTML5 Parse Errors in Tokenization Stage</h2>
117    
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138    
139  <div class="section tokenize-error" id="bare-ero"><h3>The <code>&amp;</code> character must  <div class="section tokenize-error" id="bare-ero"><h3>The <code>&amp;</code> character must
140    introduce a reference.</h3>    introduce a reference.</h3>
141      <p>An <code>&amp;</code> (<code>U+0026</code>      <p>An <code>&amp;</code> character which
     <code class="charname">AMPERSAND</code>) character which  
142      is not part of any reference appears in the input stream.      is not part of any reference appears in the input stream.
143      The document is non-conforming.</p>      The document is non‐conforming.</p>
144    
145      <p><strong>Any <code>&amp;</code> character in URI (or IRI)      <p><em>Any <code>&amp;</code> character in URI (or IRI)
146      must be escaped as <code>&amp;amp;</code>.</strong></p>      must be escaped as <code class="example">&amp;amp;</code>.</em></p>
147    
148      <p>The <code>&amp;</code> character must      <p>The <code>&amp;</code> character must
149      be the first character of a reference:      be the first character of a reference:
150        <dl>        <dl class="switch">
151        <dt>Named entity reference</dt>        <dt>Named entity reference</dt>
152            <dd><pre class="html example">            <dd><pre class="html example">
153  <code>&amp;<var>entity-name</var>;</code></pre>  <code>&amp;<var>entity-name</var>;</code></pre>
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217    
218      <p>The string <code>&amp;#</code> must be the first two characters      <p>The string <code>&amp;#</code> must be the first two characters
219      of a reference:      of a reference:
220        <dl>        <dl class="switch">
221        <dt>Numeric character reference</dt>        <dt>Numeric character reference</dt>
222            <dd><pre class="html example">            <dd><pre class="html example">
223  <code>&amp;#<var>d</var>;</code></pre>  <code>&amp;#<var>d</var>;</code></pre>
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269    
270      <dl class="switch">      <dl class="switch">
271      <dt>Comments</dt>      <dt>Comments</dt>
272        <dd>In HTML documents, comments must be introduced by        <dd>In HTML document, comments must be introduced by
273        <code>&lt;!--</code> (<code>&lt;!</code> <em>immediately</em> followed        <code class="example">&lt;!--</code> (<code>&lt;!</code>
274          <em>immediately</em> followed
275        by <em>two</em> <code>-</code>s) and must be terminated by        by <em>two</em> <code>-</code>s) and must be terminated by
276        <code>--&gt;</code>.  Strings <code>&lt;!</code> not followed        <code class="example">--&gt;</code>.
277          Strings <code>&lt;!</code> not followed
278        by <code>--</code> and <code>&lt;!-</code> not followed by        by <code>--</code> and <code>&lt;!-</code> not followed by
279        <code>-</code> are not valid open delimiters for comments.</dd>        <code>-</code> are not valid open delimiters for comments.</dd>
280      <dt>Marked sections, including <code>CDATA</code> sections</dt>      <dt>Marked sections, including <code>CDATA</code> sections</dt>
281        <dd>Marked sections are not allowed in HTML documents.</dd>        <dd>Marked sections are not allowed in HTML document.</dd>
282      <dt>Markup declarations</dt>      <dt>Markup declarations</dt>
283        <dd>Markup declarations, except <code>DOCTYPE</code>        <dd>Markup declarations, except for <code>DOCTYPE</code>
284        and comment declarations, are not allowed in HTML documents.</dd>        and comment declarations, are not allowed in HTML document.</dd>
285      <dt>String <code>&lt;!</code></dt>      <dt>String <code>&lt;!</code></dt>
286        <dd>String <code>&lt;!</code> must be escaped as        <dd>String <code>&lt;!</code> must be escaped as
287        <code>&amp;lt;!</code>.</dd>        <code class="example">&amp;lt;!</code>.</dd>
288      </dl>      </dl>
289    </div>    </div>
290    
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329      Use <code>img</code> element with animation GIF instead.</p>      Use <code>img</code> element with animation GIF instead.</p>
330    </div>    </div>
331    
332  <div class="section tokenize-error" id="nestc"><h3>Void element syntax (<code>/&gt;</code>) cannot be  <div class="section tokenize-error" id="nestc"><h3>Polytheistic slash (<code>/&gt;</code>) cannot be
333    used for this element.</h3>    used for this element.</h3>
334      <p>Void element syntax (<code>/&gt;</code>) must not be used      <p>Polytheistic slash (<code>/&gt;</code>) must not be used
335      for the element.  The document is non-conforming.</p>      for the element.  The document is non-conforming.</p>
336    
337      <p>The void element syntax can only be      <p>The polytheistic slash can only be
338      used for <code>base</code>, <code>link</code>, <code>meta</code>,      used for <code>base</code>, <code>link</code>, <code>meta</code>,
339      <code>hr</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>img</code>,      <code>hr</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>img</code>,
340      <code>embed</code>, <code>param</code>, <code>area</code>,      <code>embed</code>, <code>param</code>, <code>area</code>,
341      <code>col</code>, and <code>input</code> elements.</p>      <code>col</code>, and <code>input</code> elements.</p>
342    
343      <dl>      <dl class="switch">
344      <dt><code>&lt;script/&gt;</code></dt>      <dt><code>&lt;script/&gt;</code></dt>
345          <dd><p>The void element syntax cannot be used for <code>script</code>          <dd><p>The polytheistic slash cannot be used for <code>script</code>
346          element.  Even for an empty <code>script</code> element,          element.  Even for an empty <code>script</code> element,
347          there must be an explicit end tag <code>&lt;/script&gt;</code>.</p>          there must be an explicit end tag
348            <code class="html example">&lt;/script&gt;</code>.</p>
349    
350          <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Though some user agents interpret          <p><strong>NOTE</strong>: Though some user agents interpret
351          void element syntax for <code>script</code> element as the          polytheistic slash for <code>script</code> element as the
352          closing of the element, such usage is not allowed under          closing of the element, such usage is not allowed under
353          the current standard.</p></dd>          the current standard.</p></dd>
354      <dt><code>&lt;basefont/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;bgsound/&gt;</code>,      <dt><code>&lt;basefont/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;bgsound/&gt;</code>,
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357          <dd>These elements are themselves non-conforming.</dd>          <dd>These elements are themselves non-conforming.</dd>
358      <!-- isindex, image -->      <!-- isindex, image -->
359      <dt><code>&lt;command/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;event-source/&gt;</code>,      <dt><code>&lt;command/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;event-source/&gt;</code>,
360      <code>&lt;source/&gt;</code></dt>      <code>&lt;nest/&gt;</code>, or <code>&lt;source/&gt;</code></dt>
361          <dd>Future revision of HTML5 parsing algorithm is expected          <dd>Future revision of HTML5 parsing algorithm is expected
362          to allow void element syntax for these elements.</dd>          to allow polytheistic slash for these elements.</dd>
363      <dt><code>&lt;a/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p/&gt;</code></dt>      <dt><code>&lt;a/&gt;</code>, <code>&lt;p/&gt;</code></dt>
364          <dd>These elements are not always empty and therefore          <dd>These elements are not always empty and therefore
365          void element syntax is not allowed.</dd>          polytheistic slash is not allowed.  Use explicit end tag
366            to represent empty element as:
367              <pre class="example html">
368    <code>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</code></pre>
369            </dd>
370      </dl>      </dl>
371    
372      <p>Note that, unlike in XML, the void element syntax has      <p>Note that, unlike in XML, the polytheistic slash has
373      no effect in HTML.</p>      no effect in HTML.</p>
374    </div>    </div>
375    
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382      (<code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet <var>...</var>?&gt;</code>), are not allowed      (<code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet <var>...</var>?&gt;</code>), are not allowed
383      in the HTML syntax.  The document is non-conforming.</p>      in the HTML syntax.  The document is non-conforming.</p>
384    
385      <dl>      <dl class="switch">
386        <dt><code>&lt;?xbl?&gt;</code> (<abbr>XBL</abbr> Association)</dt>
387          <dd>An <abbr>XBL</abbr> binding cannot be associated by
388          <abbr title="processing instruction">PI</abbr> in <abbr>HTML</abbr>
389          document.  Use <code>binding</code> property in <abbr>CSS</abbr>
390          style sheet as:
391            <pre class="html example">
392    <code>&lt;style&gt;
393    p {
394      binding: url(binding.xbl);
395    }
396    &lt;/style&gt;</code></pre>
397          </dd>
398      <dt><code>&lt;?xml?&gt;</code> (XML declaration)</dt>      <dt><code>&lt;?xml?&gt;</code> (XML declaration)</dt>
399          <dd>XML declaration is unnecessary for HTML documents.</dd>          <dd>XML declaration is unnecessary for HTML documents.</dd>
400      <dt><code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet?&gt;</code> (XML style sheet      <dt><code>&lt;?xml-stylesheet?&gt;</code> (XML style sheet
401      <abbr title="processing instruction">PI</abbr></dt>      <abbr title="processing instruction">PI</abbr>)</dt>
402          <dd>Use HTML <code>link</code> element with <code>rel</code>          <dd>Use HTML <code>link</code> element with <code>rel</code>
403          attribute set to <code>stylesheet</code> (or,          attribute set to <code>stylesheet</code> (or,
404          <code>alternate stylesheet</code> for an alternate style          <code>alternate stylesheet</code> for an alternate style
405          sheet).</dd>          sheet).
406      <dt><code>&lt;?php?&gt;</code> (PHP code)</dt>            <pre class="example html">
407    <code>&lt;link rel=stylesheet href=&quot;path/to/stylesheet.css&quot;&gt;</code></pre>
408            </dd>
409        <dt><code>&lt;?php?&gt;</code> or
410        <code>&lt;? <var>... <abbr>PHP</abbr> code ...</var> ?&gt;</code>
411        (<abbr>PHP</abbr> code)</dt>
412          <dd>The conformance checker does <em>not</em> support          <dd>The conformance checker does <em>not</em> support
413          checking for PHP source documents.</dd>          checking for PHP source documents.</dd>
414      <dt>Other processing instructions</dt>      <dt>Other processing instructions</dt>
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520      </p>      </p>
521    
522      <p>Only white space characters and comments are allowed      <p>Only white space characters and comments are allowed
523      before the <code>DOCTYPE</code>.</p>      before the <code>DOCTYPE</code>.  XML declaration is <em>not</em>
524        allowed in HTML document.</p>
525    </div>    </div>
526    
527  <div class="section parse-error" id="not-closed"><h3>Element <code><var>$0</var></code> is not  <div class="section parse-error" id="not-closed"><h3>Element <code><var>$0</var></code> is not
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529      <p>End tag of an element is not found before, for example,      <p>End tag of an element is not found before, for example,
530      an end tag of another element appears or      an end tag of another element appears or
531      the end of the document.  The document is non-conforming.</p>      the end of the document.  The document is non-conforming.</p>
532    
533        <p>Only <code>body</code>, <code>colgroup</code>, <code>dd</code>,
534        <code>dt</code>, <code>head</code>, <code>html</code>, <code>li</code>,
535        <code>ol</code>, <code>option</code>, <code>optgroup</code>,
536        <code>p</code>, <code>rb</code>, <code>rp</code>, <code>rt</code>,
537        <code>tbody</code>, <code>td</code>, <code>tfoot</code>,
538        <code>th</code>, <code>thead</code>, <code>tr</code>,
539        <code>ul</code> end tag can be omitted in HTML documents.
540        For any element except for void element, there must be an explicit
541        end tag.</p>
542    
543        <dl class="switch">
544        <dt>HTML <code>canvas</code> element</dt>
545          <dd>Though the element is void in earlier versions of Safari,
546          the <code>canvas</code> element is <em>no</em> longer
547          defined as empty.  There must be an end tag
548          <code class="html example">&lt;/canvas&gt;</code>.</dd>
549        </dl>
550    
551        <p>Note that misnesting tags, such as
552        <code class="bad example">&lt;a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;</code>, are not
553        allowed and they also cause this error.</p>
554    </div>    </div>
555    
556  <div class="section parse-error" id="not-first-start-tag"><h3>This <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> tag is not  <div class="section parse-error" id="not-first-start-tag"><h3>This <code>&lt;html&gt;</code> tag is not
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571    HTML.</h3>    HTML.</h3>
572      <p>The document contains a <code>DOCTYPE</code> declaration      <p>The document contains a <code>DOCTYPE</code> declaration
573      that is different from HTML5 <code>DOCTYPE</code> (i.e.      that is different from HTML5 <code>DOCTYPE</code> (i.e.
574      <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;</code>).  The document is non-conforming.</p>      <code class="example html">&lt;!DOCTYPE HTML&gt;</code>).
575        The document is non‐conforming.</p>
576    
577      <p>The document might or might not be conformant to      <p>The document might or might not be conformant to
578      some version of HTML.  However, conformance to any HTML      some version of HTML.  However, conformance to any HTML
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588    
589      <p>For any end tag in HTML document, there must be a      <p>For any end tag in HTML document, there must be a
590      corresponding start tag.</p>      corresponding start tag.</p>
591    
592        <dl class="switch">
593        <dt>HTML <code>base</code>, <code>basefont</code>,
594        <code>bgsound</code>, <code>br</code>, <code>col</code>,
595        <code>embed</code>, <code>frame</code>, <code>hr</code>,
596        <code>image</code>, <code>img</code>, <code>input</code>,
597        <code>isindex</code>, <code>link</code>, <code>meta</code>,
598        <code>param</code>, <code>spacer</code>, or <code>wbr</code> element</dt>
599          <dd>End tag is not allowed for these elements, since
600          those content must always be empty.  Remove end tag.</dd>
601        <!-- keygen -->
602        <!-- command, event-source, nest, source -->
603        </dl>
604    </div>    </div>
605    
606  </section>  </section>
# Line 473  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 637  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
637      must contain a <code><var>$0</var></code> child element.      must contain a <code><var>$0</var></code> child element.
638      The document is non-conforming.</p>      The document is non-conforming.</p>
639    
640      <p>For example:      <dl class="switch">
641        <ul>      <dt>HTML <code>head</code> element</dt>
642        <li>The <code>head</code> element must contain exactly one        <dd>There must be a <code>title</code> child element.</dd>
643        <code>title</code> child element.</li>      <dt>HTML <code>html</code> element</dt>
644        <li><a href="#child-element-missing:td%7Cth">The <code>tr</code>        <dd>There must be a <code>head</code> child element followed
645        element must contain one or more <code>td</code> or <code>th</code>        by a <code>body</code> element.</dd>
646        child element.</a></li>      <dt>HTML <code>tr</code> element</dt>
647        </ul>        <dd><a href="#child-element-missing:td%7Cth">There must be
648      </p>        one or more <code>td</code> or <code>th</code> child element.</a></dd>
649        </dl>
650    </div>    </div>
651    
652  <div class="section content-model-error" id="child-element-missing:td|th"><h3>There must be a <code>td</code>  <div class="section content-model-error" id="child-element-missing:td|th"><h3>There must be a <code>td</code>
# Line 513  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 678  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
678                <dt>If the parent element is <code>div</code>,                <dt>If the parent element is <code>div</code>,
679                <code>li</code>, <code>td</code>, or <code>th</code></dt>                <code>li</code>, <code>td</code>, or <code>th</code></dt>
680                <!-- @@ TODO: more... -->                <!-- @@ TODO: more... -->
681                      <!-- @@ TODO: <p><ul><li><p> -->
682                    <dd><p>The parent element allows <em>either</em>                    <dd><p>The parent element allows <em>either</em>
683                    block-level or inline-level content.  If there is a                    block-level or inline-level content.  If there is a
684                    block-level content, any inline-level content must be                    block-level content, any inline-level content must be
685                    put in e.g. paragraph element such as <code>p</code>.</p>                    put in e.g. paragraph element such as <code>p</code>.</p>
686                    <p>For example, an HTML document fragment                    <p>For example, an HTML document fragment
687                    <code class="bad example">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hello!&lt;/p&gt; World!&lt;/div&gt;</code>                    <code class="html bad example">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hello!&lt;/p&gt; World!&lt;/div&gt;</code>
688                    is non-conforming, since a word <q>World!</q> does not belong                    is non-conforming, since a word <q>World!</q> does not belong
689                    to any paragraph.  (If not part of any paragraph, what is                    to any paragraph.  (If not part of any paragraph, what is
690                    it!?)  A conforming example would be:                    it!?)  A conforming example would be:
691                      <pre class="example">                      <pre class="html example">
692  <code>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hello!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;World!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code></pre>  <code>&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hello!&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;World!&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</code></pre>
693                    </p></dd>                    </p></dd>
694                <dt>If the parent element does <em>not</em> allow                <dt>If the parent element does <em>not</em> allow
# Line 537  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 703  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
703            and in the <code>head</code> element.            and in the <code>head</code> element.
704            It cannot be used in e.g. <code>ul</code>, <code>table</code>,            It cannot be used in e.g. <code>ul</code>, <code>table</code>,
705            or <code>select</code>.</dd>            or <code>select</code>.</dd>
       <dt>If the element with the error is the <code>html</code> element  
       that is the root element of an XHTML document</dt>  
           <dd><p>In an XHTML document, the root <code>html</code>  
           element must have an <code>xmlns</code> attribute  
           whose value is set to  
           <code>http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml</code>.</p></dd>  
706        <dt>If the element with the error is <code>blink</code>,        <dt>If the element with the error is <code>blink</code>,
707        <code>center</code>, or <code>marquee</code> element</dt>        <code>center</code>, or <code>marquee</code> element</dt>
708            <dd>These elements are not part of the HTML standard.            <dd>These elements are not part of the HTML standard.
709            Use CSS for styling control.</dd>            Use CSS for styling control.</dd>
710    
711        <dt><code>button</code>, <code>datalist</code>, <code>form</code>,        <dt><code>button</code>, <code>datalist</code>,
712          <code>fieldset</code>, <code>form</code>,
713        <code>input</code>, <code>label</code>,        <code>input</code>, <code>label</code>,
714        <code>optgroup</code>, <code>option</code>, <code>output</code>,        <code>optgroup</code>, <code>option</code>, <code>output</code>,
715        <code>rb</code>, <code>rp</code>, <code>rt</code>, <code>ruby</code>,        <code>rb</code>, <code>rp</code>, <code>rt</code>, <code>ruby</code>,
# Line 560  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 721  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
721      </p>      </p>
722    </div>    </div>
723    
724    <div class="section content-model-error" id="element-not-allowed:root"><h3>This element is not allowed as a root
725      element.</h3>
726        <p>An element that is not allowed as the root element
727        is used as the root element of the document.  The document is
728        non-conforming, as far as the conformance checker can tell.</p>
729    
730        <dl class="switch">
731        <dt><code>html</code> element in an XHTML document</dt>
732            <dd><p>In <abbr>XHTML</abbr> document, the root <code>html</code>
733            element must have an <code>xmlns</code> attribute as:
734              <pre class="xml example">
735    <code>&lt;html xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;&gt;</code></pre></p></dd>
736        <dt><code>rss</code> element</dt>
737            <dd><p>The document is written in some version of RSS.</p>
738            <p>The conformance checker does not support any version
739            of RSS.  Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>
740        <dt><code>feed</code> element</dt>
741            <dd><p>The Atom <code>feed</code> element must be
742            in the <code>http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom</code>
743            namespace as:
744              <pre class="xml example">
745    <code>&lt;feed xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom&quot;&gt;</code></pre>
746            </p>
747            <p>The conformance checker does not support Atom 0.3.
748            Use Atom 1.0 for feed documents.</p></dd>
749        </dl>
750      </div>
751    
752  <div class="section content-model-error" id="ps-element-missing"><h3>There is no <code><var>$0</var></code>  <div class="section content-model-error" id="ps-element-missing"><h3>There is no <code><var>$0</var></code>
753    element before this element.</h3>    element before this element.</h3>
754      <p>There must be an element before another element, but there      <p>There must be an element before another element, but there
# Line 670  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 859  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
859  <section id="attribute-value-errors">  <section id="attribute-value-errors">
860  <h2>Attribute Value Errors</h2>  <h2>Attribute Value Errors</h2>
861    
862    <div class="section attribute-value-warning warning" id="w:charset:not-registered"><h3>Character encoding name <code><var>$0</var></code>
863      is not registered.</h3>
864        <p>The specified character encoding name is not registered to
865        <abbr>IANA</abbr>.  Use of registered character encoding name
866        is a good practice to facilitate interoperability.</p>
867    
868        <dl class="switch">
869        <dt><code>EUC-TW</code></dt>
870          <dd><code>EUC-TW</code> is not registered.  Unfortunately, there
871          is no registered name for that character encoding.  Use
872          Big5 encoding with character encoding name <code>Big5</code>
873          if it is enough to represent the document.</dd>
874        <dt><code>ISO-2022-JP-1</code></dt>
875          <dd><code>ISO-2022-JP-1</code> is not registered, nevertheless
876          this character encoding name is documented in
877          <a href="urn:ietf:rfc:2237"><abbr>RFC</abbr> 2237</a>.  Use
878          <code>ISO-2022-JP-2</code> instead, since that character encoding
879          is a superset of ISO-2022-JP-1.</dd>
880        <dt><code>ISO-2022-JP-3</code>, <code>ISO-2022-JP-3-plane1</code></dt>
881          <dd>These names are not registered and obsoleted in favor of
882          <code>ISO-2022-JP-2004</code> and
883          <code>ISO-2022-JP-2004-plane1</code>.</dd>
884        <dt><code>ISO-2022-JP-2003</code>,
885        <code>ISO-2022-JP-2003-plane1</code></dt>
886          <dd>These names are not registered and corrected to
887          <code>ISO-2022-JP-2004</code> and
888          <code>ISO-2022-JP-2004-plane1</code>.</dd>
889        <dt><code>ISO-2022-JP-2004</code>,
890        <code>ISO-2022-JP-2004-plane1</code></dt>
891          <dd>These names are not registered.  Unfortunately, there is
892          no registered name for these character encodings.</dd>
893        <dt><code>UTF-8N</code></dt>
894          <dd><code>UTF-8N</code> is not registered.  Character encoding
895          name <code>UTF-8</code> represents UTF-8 encoding with or
896          without <abbr>BOM</abbr>.</dd>
897        </dl>
898    
899        <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: This error might be raised for
900        a registered character encoding name, since the character encoding
901        name database of the conformance checker is not complete yet.</p>
902      </div>
903    
904    <div class="section attribute-value-warning warning" id="w:charset:private"><h3><code><var>$0</var></code> is a private
905      character encoding name.</h3>
906        <p>The specified character encoding name is a private name and
907        not registered to <abbr>IANA</abbr>.  Use of registered character
908        encoding name is a good practice to facilitate interoperability.</p>
909    
910        <dl class="switch">
911        <dt><code>x-euc-jp</code></dt>
912          <dd>Use <code>EUC-JP</code> for the Japanese <abbr>EUC</abbr>
913          character encoding.</dd>
914        <dt><code>x-sjis</code></dt>
915          <dd>Use <code>Shift_JIS</code> for standard Shift encoding scheme of
916          <abbr>JIS</abbr> coded character set, or <code>Windows-31J</code>
917          for Microsoft standard character set as implemented by
918          Microsoft Windows.</dd>
919        </dl>
920      </div>
921    
922    <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="m:charset:syntax-error"><h3>The specified value is syntactically not a
923      character encoding name.</h3>
924        <p>The attribute value must be a character encoding name.  However,
925        the specified value is not a character encoding name syntactically.
926        The document is non‐conforming.</p>
927        <p>Character encoding name is a string of <abbr>ASCII</abbr>
928        printable characters, up to 40 characters.</p>
929      </div>
930    
931  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="enumerated:invalid"><h3>This attribute only allow a limited set of  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="enumerated:invalid"><h3>This attribute only allow a limited set of
932    values and the specified value <code><var>{@}</var></code> is not one    values and the specified value <code><var>{@}</var></code> is not one
933    of them.</h3>    of them.</h3>
# Line 679  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 937  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
937    
938      <dl>      <dl>
939      <dt>HTML <code>meta</code> element, <code>http-equiv</code> attribute</dt>      <dt>HTML <code>meta</code> element, <code>http-equiv</code> attribute</dt>
940          <dd><p>Only <code>Default-Style</code> and <code>Refresh</code>          <dd><p>Only values <code>Default-Style</code> and <code>Refresh</code>
941          is allowed.</p>          are allowed.</p>
942          <p>Value <code>Content-Type</code> is obsolete; for charset          <p>Value <code>Content-Type</code> is obsolete; for charset
943          declaration, the <code>charset</code> attribute can be used as:          declaration, the <code>charset</code> attribute can be used as:
944          <pre class="html example">          <pre class="html example">
# Line 698  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 956  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
956      </dl>      </dl>
957    </div>    </div>
958    
959    <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="enumerated:invalid:http-equiv:content-type"><h3>Character encoding declaration syntax
960      <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code>
961      is obsolete.</h3>
962        <p>Old long character encoding declaration syntax
963        <code class="html bad example">&lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code>
964        is in use.  The document is non‐conforming.</p>
965    
966        <p>The new character encoding declaration syntax is:
967          <pre class="html example">
968    <code>&lt;meta charset=&quot;<var>charset-name</var>&quot;&gt;</code></pre>
969        </p>
970      </div>
971    
972  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="duplicate-ID"><h3>This identifier has already been  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="duplicate-ID"><h3>This identifier has already been
973    assigned to another element.</h3></div>    assigned to another element.</h3></div>
974    
# Line 719  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 990  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
990      <p>The specified link type is non-conforming, and therefore      <p>The specified link type is non-conforming, and therefore
991      the document is non-conforming.</p>      the document is non-conforming.</p>
992    
993      <dl>      <dl class="switch">
994      <dt>Link type <code>contents</code></dt>      <dt>Link type <code>contents</code></dt>
995        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>
996      <dt>Link type <code>copyright</code></dt>      <dt>Link type <code>copyright</code></dt>
997        <dd>Use link type <code>license</code>.</dd>        <dd>Use link type <code>license</code>.</dd>
998      <dt>Link type <code>home</code></dt>      <dt>Link type <code>home</code></dt>
999        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>
1000        <dt>Link type <code>previous</code></dt>
1001          <dd>Use link type <code>prev</code>.</dd>
1002      <dt>Link type <code>start</code></dt>      <dt>Link type <code>start</code></dt>
1003        <dd>Use link type <code>first</code>.</dd>        <dd>Use link type <code>first</code>.</dd>
1004      <dt>Link type <code>toc</code></dt>      <dt>Link type <code>toc</code> or <code>top</code></dt>
1005        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>        <dd>Use link type <code>index</code>.</dd>
1006      </dl>      </dl>
1007    </div>    </div>
1008    
1009    <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="m:mismatched-charset-name"><h3>Character encoding name <code><var>$1</var></code>
1010      is different from document character encoding
1011      <code><var>$0</var></code>.</h3>
1012        <p>The specified character encoding name is different from
1013        the character encoding of the document.  The document
1014        is non‐conforming.</p>
1015      </div>
1016    
1017  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="reserved-browsing-context-name"><h3>Browsing context name  <div class="section attribute-value-error" id="reserved-browsing-context-name"><h3>Browsing context name
1018    <code><var>{@}</var></code> is reserved.</h3>    <code><var>{@}</var></code> is reserved.</h3>
1019      <p>The specified browsing context name is reserved.      <p>The specified browsing context name is reserved.
# Line 763  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1044  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1044    
1045      <p><strong>Warning</strong>: The data served to the      <p><strong>Warning</strong>: The data served to the
1046      conforming checker might be out of date; it might have already      conforming checker might be out of date; it might have already
1047      been accepted or rejected, depending on which the document      been accepted or rejected.  The document might or might not be
1048      might be conforming or non-conforming.  See WHATWG Wiki      conforming depending on the status.  See WHATWG Wiki
1049      for the latest information.</p>      for the latest information.</p>
1050    </div>    </div>
1051    
# Line 789  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1070  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1070      The document is non-conforming.</p>      The document is non-conforming.</p>
1071    
1072      <p>For example, the table below is non-conforming:      <p>For example, the table below is non-conforming:
1073        <pre class="html non-conforming example">        <pre class="html bad example">
1074  <code>&lt;table&gt;  <code>&lt;table&gt;
1075  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;
1076  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td rowspan=2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;&lt;td rowspan=2&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
# Line 885  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1166  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1166    
1167  </section>  </section>
1168    
1169    <section id="cache-manifest-errors">
1170    <h2>Cache Manifest Errors</h2>
1171    
1172    <div class="section must" id="m:not-manifest"><h3>This document is not a cache manifest.</h3>
1173        <p>The specified document is <em>not</em> a cache manifest.
1174        The document is non-conforming.</p>
1175    
1176        <p>An entity labeled as Internet media type
1177        <code>text/cache-manifest</code> must contain a cache manifest.</p>
1178    
1179        <p>A cache manifest must start with a line whose content is
1180        <code class="manifest example">CACHE MANIFEST</code>
1181        (exactly one space character between
1182        <code>CACHE</code> and <code>MANIFEST</code>).</p>
1183      </div>
1184    </section>
1185    
1186    <section id="information">
1187    <h2>Stability Information</h2>
1188    
1189    <div class="section level-i" id="i:status:cr:element"><h3>This element is in the
1190      <strong>call‐for‐implementation</strong> phase.</h3>
1191        <p>The element is in the call‐for‐implementation phase.</p>
1192        
1193        <p>Usually, using the element is safe.  However, it is a new feature
1194        so that it might not be implemented correctly.  If it is found that
1195        the feature is hard or impossible to implement, the feature
1196        might be revised, or in some case it might be dropped.</p>
1197    
1198        <p>Elements defined by HTML4, Atom 1.0, and XBL 2.0 belong to this
1199        class.</p>
1200      </div>
1201    
1202    <div class="section level-i" id="i:status:lc:element"><h3>This element is in the <strong>last
1203      call‐for‐comments</strong> phase.</h3>
1204        <p>The element is in the last call‐for‐comments phase.</p>
1205        
1206        <p>The element is relatively mature, though the standardization
1207        is not done yet.  It may be used for experiments.  Since it is a new
1208        feature, it might not be implemented correctly or at all.  If it is
1209        found that the feature is hard or impossible to implement, the feature
1210        might be revised or might be dropped.</p>
1211    
1212        <p>Elements defined by Web Forms 2.0 as well as some elements
1213        defined by HTML5 belong to this class.</p>
1214      </div>
1215    
1216    <div class="section level-i" id="i:status:wd:element"><h3>This element is documented in a <strong>working
1217      draft</strong>.</h3>
1218        <p>The element is documented in a working or editor's draft
1219        and not yet completed.</p>
1220        
1221        <p>The element should not be used for any practical purpose.
1222        The feature might be drastically changed later or might be
1223        entirely removed.</p>
1224    
1225        <p>Most of new elements defined by HTML5 belong to this class.</p>
1226      </div>
1227    
1228    <div class="section level-i" id="i:status:non-standard:element"><h3>This element is <strong>not part of any
1229      standard</strong>.</h3>
1230        <p>The element is not part of any standard or draft.</p>
1231        
1232        <p>The element should not be used for any practical purpose.</p>
1233      </div>
1234    </section>
1235    
1236  <section id="unsupported-messages">  <section id="unsupported-messages">
1237  <h2><i>Unsupported</i> Messages</h2>  <h2><i>Unsupported</i> Messages</h2>
1238    
# Line 928  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1276  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1276  <div class="section unsupported" id="unsupported:event-handler"><h3>Conformance checking for event handler attribute  <div class="section unsupported" id="unsupported:event-handler"><h3>Conformance checking for event handler attribute
1277    is not supported; <em>it might or might not be conforming.</em></h3></div>    is not supported; <em>it might or might not be conforming.</em></h3></div>
1278    
 <div class="section unsupported" id="unsupported:language-tag"><h3>Conformance checking for language tag  
   is not supported; <em>it might or might not be conforming.</em></h3></div>  
   
1279  <div class="section unsupported" id="unsupported:media-query"><h3>Conformance checking for media query  <div class="section unsupported" id="unsupported:media-query"><h3>Conformance checking for media query
1280    is not supported; <em>it might or might not be conforming.</em></h3></div>    is not supported; <em>it might or might not be conforming.</em></h3></div>
1281    
# Line 946  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)< Line 1291  Web Document Conformance Checker (BETA)<
1291    
1292    
1293    
1294    <section id="levels">
1295    <h2>Error Levels</h2>
1296    
1297    <table id="levels-table">
1298    <thead>
1299    <tr><th scope="col">Level</th>
1300    <th scope="col">Conforming?</th>
1301    <th scope="col">Description</th>
1302    </tr>
1303    </thead>
1304    <tbody>
1305    <tr class="level-m" id="level-m">
1306    <th scope="row"><em class="rfc2119">MUST</em>‐level error</th>
1307    <td>Non‐conforming.</td>
1308    <td>A violation to a hard requirement of the specification.
1309    The document is non‐conforming.</td>
1310    </tr>
1311    <tr class="level-s" id="level-s">
1312    <th scope="row"><em class="rfc2119">SHOULD</em>‐level error</th>
1313    <td>Non‐conforming, but <em>in some case</em>
1314    conforming.</td>
1315    <td>A violation to a requirement of the specification.
1316    The violation might be legitimize in some case.  Otherwise,
1317    the document is non‐conforming.</td>
1318    </tr>
1319    <tr class="level-w" id="level-w">
1320    <th scope="row">Warning</th>
1321    <td>Conforming.</td>
1322    <td>A warning is an advice from the conformance checker to avoid
1323    to solve a problem in a confusing or possibly wrong way.
1324    It does not affect to the conformance of the document, and
1325    may sometimes be inappropriate.</td>
1326    </tr>
1327    <tr class="level-i" id="level-i">
1328    <th scope="row">Information</th>
1329    <td>Conforming.</td>
1330    <td>An informational message just provides an additional information
1331    on the feature used in the document or the status of the retrieval
1332    or so on.
1333    It does not affect to the conformance of the document.</td>
1334    </tr>
1335    <tr class="level-u" id="level-u">
1336    <th scope="row">Not supported</th>
1337    <td><em>Unknown</em>.</td>
1338    <td>Some feature that is not supported by the conformance checker
1339    is used in the document.</td>
1340    </tr>
1341    </tbody>
1342    </table>
1343    </section>
1344    
1345  <section id="license">  <section id="license">
1346  <h2>License of This Document</h2>  <h2>License of This Document</h2>
1347    
1348  <p>Copyright 2007 <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author" xml:lang="ja">Wakaba</a></p>  <p>Copyright <time>2007</time>
1349    <a href="http://suika.fam.cx/~wakaba/who?" rel="author" xml:lang="ja">Wakaba</a>
1350    <code class="mail">&lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a>&gt;</code>.</p>
1351    
1352  <p>This document is free software; you can redistribute it  <p>This document is free software; you can redistribute it
1353  and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</p>  and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.</p>
1354  </section>  </section>

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